Innovation U.

According to Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business School's leading authority on competitive strategy and international competitiveness, "Innovation is the central issue in economic prosperity." One has only to look at recent history to see how true this statement is. North Carolina's Research Triangle, Silicon Valley and Seattle have all benefited from a robust research environment. It's this convergence of academic and economic development that local universities are hoping to nurture.

Despite a decline in governmental and philanthropic support, claims of a regional "brain drain," and difficulty recruiting faculty researchers and post-doctoral students, research labs in southeast Michigan actually seem to be growing --and not just at the University of Michigan. Smaller institutions like Wayne State University, Oakland University and even Lawrence Technical University are vigorously expanding facilities, investment and curriculum in an attempt to bolster their reputation as institutions of both higher learning and ground-breaking research.

Investing internally

Stepping out from behind UM's very long shadow, Wayne State, in particular, has been working hard to establish itself as a world-class research institution, explains Miriam L. Greenburg, Ph.D., associate dean for research at its College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Ranked in the top 25% for NIH funded research, WSU was listed among the top 14 research universities in a 2007 readership poll of "The Scientist."

Even with that federal support, however, not every WSU scientist recieves funding. To help nurture promising work, the university often invests directly in its researchers, helping them to make it to the next step. This commitment to its faculty is one of the reasons for WSU's rising reputation as a serious research institution.  Along with internal "seed" grants for investigators in the earliest stages of their work and "bridge" funds for experienced scinetists who need extended support during funding gaps, the university has developed an "enhancement" grant program in order to stimulate interdisciplinary research. Last year, several nanotechnology labs received support, explains Dr. Greenberg, and as a result they are more likely to receive outside funding.

Wayne State is hoping its commitment to life sciences research will emulate their tech-transfer successes like Sensound, which became a start up company operating out of Tech Town. SenSound was nurtured internally, based on the work of Dr. Sean Wu in the area of three-dimensional sound analysis. The patented technology allows users to see where unwanted sound originates and how it travels through space and time. 

All told, Wayne State’s research has grown nine percent annually, with research expenditures reaching over $200 million. Over 75 percent of the university’s research is based on the life sciences, which has contributed to the School of Medicine ranking 22nd in National Science Foundation funds.

WSU President Irvin D. Reid will be announcing awardees from a $2.4 million research enhancement program on July 25. In its fifth year, the program will provide funding for the center for Urban and African American Health, projects in creative arts research, social sciences and humanities, and computational biology. 

Show them the money

Tachung C. Yih, Ph.D., vice provost for Research at Oakland University, agrees that the opportunity to work in a supportive research environment – one that compensates generously – is how research will grow in the region. Dr. Yih relocated to Oakland last summer from the University of Texas in San Antonio, despite the prevailing belief that the best and brightest are leaving Michigan. It's all about "the challenge," he says.

An established researcher in nanomedicine, Dr. Yih joined Oakland to help elevate its research program to the level of the other major universities in Michigan. In his opinion, the critical component to attracting research talent is financial investment. "If you pay well, people will come," Dr. Yih states plainly.

The vice provost goes on to explain that local research programs need to double and triple their efforts, maximize their creativity to make enough money to recruit superior students and post-doctoral fellows, which are necessary to good research. He believes researchers will follow good economic offers regardless of the popularity of a region. It's a strategy he employed successfully at Dallas/Arlington and one he will repeat at Oakland.

Dr. Yih has also been working to evolve Oakland's better-established research centers, such as the Eye Research Institute, the Center for Biomedical Research, and the internationally recognized Fastening and Joining Research Institute. Like Wayne State and U of M, Oakland is aggressively establishing private sector partnerships to develop its applied research and supplemental grant money; money that previously came from government and philanthropic sources. "This will one way of revitalizing our [local] industry," he explains. "They don't have to (spend) much money. The university is cheaper. You don't have to go to an industrial research company. At the same time, we're educating our next generation workforce."

To illustrate his point, Dr. Yih points to Nanorex, a Bloomfield Hills company that designs and develops structural DNA nanotechnology. The company has created a joint venture with Oakland University that will lead to a Center for Nanotechnology. Nanorex researchers –-Drs. Paul Rothemund from CalTech and Eric Drexler of the Foresight Nanotech Institute-– have already begun a grant proposal for a demonstration project involving imaging DNA origami samples.

A new focus, a new reputation

Lawrence Technological University currently has a study underway to examine support beams on the , explains Joseph Veryser, AIA, interim director, Center for Sustainability. Structural civil engineering researchers are comparing the relative strength of carbon fiber reinforced bridges to traditional steel reinforcement. The study's early success led to funding the Center for Innovative Material Research, which supports continued research in bridge design and testing, as well as bridge structure hardening and other applications, he says.

Although not known as a research university, Lawrence Tech's faculty has launched independent research in structural design, building construction, and site engineering. This has led to a convergence of interest, now known as the Center for Sustainability.

As a "university architect," Veryser reviews all new projects on campus for their sustainability, not only for environmental reasons, but for learning and research opportunities. For example, onsite research is evaluating the benefit of the "green" roof on the new A. Alfred Taubman Student Services Building. There are numerous other examples of cross-disciplinary research between architects and engineers on campus projects, which is how the university promotes a culture of innovation and applied research. "We do research that is incidental to the specific needs in our colleges," Veryser says. Lawrence has established a certificate of sustainability (also referred to as "green design") in Architecture and plans to establish a Center for Undergraduate Research in Sustainability.

Though not regarded as "great research," --the kind of life-changing investigations associated with world-class institutions-- the Center's projects provide an opportunity to demonstrate and evaluate alternative ways of creating sustainable structures, Veryser explains.

In the case of photovoltaic cells, it was Lawrence Tech's research that proved "it can be done, it was practical to do, it was economical to do, and we were able to demonstrate to our students and those who visit the campus that it should be done," Veryser adds. As the Taubman building was under construction, the university looked for ways to utilize photovoltaic panels but determined them to be too inefficient. Instead, the panels were used to provide lights for the campus' quadrangle.

From the relatively small academic setting like Lawrence Technological University, to the progressively larger Oakland and Wayne State universities, academic research is thriving in tough times, through innovative approaches to creating new knowledge and supporting economic development. Still, there remains an even greater opportunity – collaboration.

Just as interdisciplinary collaboration creates synergy, intercollegiate collaboration can as well. And by bridging the ivory towers, a knowledge community could be born. There is plenty of intellectual talent in the region despite the "brain drain," says Dr. Yih. "The problem is, there isn't an intellectual community. …We have to promote this in a more aggressive manner; put people together and hopefully make successful matching and collaborations."